Linux常用命令-usermod

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命令

usermod

描述

modify a user account
修改用户信息

用法

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usermod [options] LOGIN

选项

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Options:
  -d HOME_DIR     更改家目录
  -e EXPIRE_DATE  设置账户过期时间,格式为YYYY-MM-DD
  -f INACTIVE     设置密码失效时间
  -g GROUP        强制更改用户属组
  -G GROUPS       添加附加组
  -l NEW_LOGIN    更改用户名
  -s SHELL        更改用户shell
  -u UID          更改用户UID
  -c  更改注释信息
  -m  移动用户家目录,配合-d选项使用
  -L  锁定用户
  -U  解锁用户

注意

如非必要不建议同时更改用户名和uid

示例

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# 添加的注释信息即为Name字段
$ usermod -c aaa usera
$ tail -1 /etc/passwd
usera:x:1002:1002:aaa:/home/usera:/bin/bash
$ finger usera
Login: usera                            Name: aaa
Directory: /home/usera                  Shell: /bin/bash
Never logged in.
No mail.
No Plan.
# 更改usera的账户过期时间
$ usermod -e 2021-1-31 usera
$ chage -l usera
Last password change     : Jan 08, 2021
Password expires         : never
Password inactive        : never
Account expires          : Jan 31, 2021

$ id usera
uid=1002(usera) gid=1002(usera) groups=1002(usera)
$ id userb
uid=1003(userb) gid=1003(userb) groups=1003(userb)
$ groupadd group1
$ groupadd group2
# 更改usera的属组为group1
$ usermod -g group1 usera
$ id usera
uid=1002(usera) gid=1004(group1) groups=1004(group1)
# 为userb添加附加组group2
$ usermod -G group2 userb
$ id userb
uid=1003(userb) gid=1003(userb) groups=1003(userb),1005(group2)
# 删除userb的所有附加组
$ usermod -G userb userb
$ id userb              
uid=1003(userb) gid=1003(userb) groups=1003(userb)
# 更改userb的用户名为www,uid不变
$ usermod -l www userb
$ id userb
id: userb: no such user
$ id www
uid=1003(www) gid=1003(userb) groups=1003(userb),1005(group2)

$ finger usera
Login: usera                            Name: 
Directory: /home/usera                  Shell: /bin/bash
Never logged in.
$ echo $SHELL
/bin/bash
$ more /etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/sh
/usr/bin/bash
# 更改usera的登录shell
$ usermod -s /bin/sh usera
$ tail -2 /etc/passwd
usera:x:1002:1004::/home/usera:/bin/sh
www:x:1003:1003::/home/userb:/bin/bash
$ finger usera
Login: usera                            Name: 
Directory: /home/usera                  Shell: /bin/sh
Never logged in.
# 更改usera的uid为1020
$ usermod -u 1020 usera
$ id usera
uid=1020(usera) gid=1004(group1) groups=1004(group1)
$ ll /home/
drwx------   2 usera group1  62 Jan  9 00:42 usera/
drwx------   2 www   userb   62 Jan  9 00:42 userb/
# 移动usera的家目录到/opt/usera,注意目标目录必须不存在
$ usermod -md /opt/usera usera
$ ll /home/
drwx------   2 www  userb  62 Jan  9 00:42 userb/
$ ll /opt/
drwx------   2 usera group1  62 Jan  9 00:42 usera/
$ ll /opt/usera/
total 12
drwx------  2 usera group1  62 Jan  9 00:42 ./
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root  root    19 Jan  9 00:52 ../
-rw-r--r--  1 usera group1  18 Apr  1  2020 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--  1 usera group1 193 Apr  1  2020 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--  1 usera group1 231 Apr  1  2020 .bashrc

# 还可以通过如下命令来查看用户的passwd和shadow配置信息
$ getent passwd usera
usera:x:1002:1002::/home/usera:/bin/bash
$ getent shadow usera
usera:$6$N/o7E/yu$Dg0eFCBUo6swK75Iy0LoXPzhRq./BRR.T1F4hHllk5iUk4Axr83yyMxpvppw9lbl3QiP8Z8ga6uNW5AwPXvR8/:18663:0:99999:7:::