Linux常用命令-ps

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命令

ps

描述

report a snapshot of the current processes
查看所有系统进程

用法

1
ps [ options ]

选项

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ps支持三种格式的选项
UNIX options: 必须加破折号-,如ps -ef
BSD options:  不能加破折号,如ps ef
GNU long options: 加两个破折号--,如ps --version

Options:
  a      配合x使用显示所有进程
  -A,-e  显示所有进程,等同于-e
  -a     显示当前终端的进程
  T      显示当前终端的所有进程
  r      显示当前终端正在运行的进程
  x      配合a使用显示所有进程
  -C     指定命令名称,注意为严格匹配
  -G     指定GID或组名
  q,-q   指定PID
  t,-t   指定tty
  -U,-u  指定UID或用户名
  -f,-F  显示完整格式
  j,-j   显示BSD任务格式
  l,-l   显示BSD长格式,-l通常配合-y一起使用
  -O,-o  指定显示格式
  u      显示CPU和内存信息
  v      显示内存信息
  X      显示ESP和EIP信息
  e      显示env环境变量
  f      显示进程层级关系
  h,-h   不显示标题头部
  k      指定排序列
  w,-w   不折行输出
  m,-m   显示线程
  L      显示格式说明

注意

无

示例

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$ ps a
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
   940 tty1     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
  2683 pts/0    Ss+    0:00 -bash
  2713 pts/1    Ss     0:00 -bash
  3316 pts/1    R+     0:00 ps a
# ax显示所有进程
$ ps ax|head
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
     1 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
     2 ?        S      0:00 [kthreadd]
     4 ?        S<     0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
     5 ?        S      0:00 [kworker/u256:0]
     6 ?        S      0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
     7 ?        S      0:00 [migration/0]
     8 ?        S      0:00 [rcu_bh]
     9 ?        S      0:00 [rcu_sched]
    10 ?        S<     0:00 [lru-add-drain]
$ ps -A|head
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
     1 ?        00:00:00 systemd
     2 ?        00:00:00 kthreadd
     4 ?        00:00:00 kworker/0:0H
     5 ?        00:00:00 kworker/u256:0
     6 ?        00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
     7 ?        00:00:00 migration/0
     8 ?        00:00:00 rcu_bh
     9 ?        00:00:00 rcu_sched
    10 ?        00:00:00 lru-add-drain
# -a显示当前终端的进程
$ ps -a|head
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
  3336 pts/1    00:00:00 ps
  3337 pts/1    00:00:00 head
# T显示当前终端的所有进程
$ ps T|head 
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
  2713 pts/1    Ss     0:00 -bash
  3343 pts/1    R+     0:00 ps T
  3344 pts/1    S+     0:00 head
# r显示当前终端处于运行状态的进程
$ ps r|head
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
  3350 pts/1    R+     0:00 ps r
# -C过滤命令,注意需要严格匹配命令名称
$ ps -C chrony
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
$ ps -C chronyd
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
   663 ?        00:00:00 chronyd
# -G指定GID或组名
$ id chrony
uid=998(chrony) gid=996(chrony) groups=996(chrony)
$ ps -G 996
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
   663 ?        00:00:00 chronyd
$ ps -G chrony
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
   663 ?        00:00:00 chronyd
# q或-q指定PID,多个值用逗号分隔
$ ps q 663
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
   663 ?        S      0:00 /usr/sbin/chronyd
$ ps -q 663
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
   663 ?        00:00:00 chronyd
$ ps p 663,664
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
   663 ?        S      0:00 /usr/sbin/chronyd
   664 ?        Ssl    0:00 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
# t或-t指定终端tty
$ ps t pts/1 
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
  2713 pts/1    Ss     0:00 -bash
  3632 pts/1    R+     0:00 ps t pts/1
$ ps -t pts/1
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
  2713 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
  3626 pts/1    00:00:00 ps
$ ps U chrony 
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
   663 ?        S      0:00 /usr/sbin/chronyd
$ ps -U chrony
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
   663 ?        00:00:00 chronyd
$ ps -u chrony
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
   663 ?        00:00:00 chronyd
$ ps --user chrony
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
   663 ?        00:00:00 chronyd
$ ps -u 998
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
   663 ?        00:00:00 chronyd
$ ps -U 998
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
   663 ?        00:00:00 chronyd

$ ps -c
   PID CLS PRI TTY          TIME CMD
  2713 TS   19 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
  5946 TS   19 pts/1    00:00:00 ps
# -f或-F显示完整格式
$ ps -f
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root       2713   2681  0 15:03 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
root       6026   2713  0 16:06 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -f
$ ps -F
UID         PID   PPID  C    SZ   RSS PSR STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root       2713   2681  0 29044  2772   0 15:03 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
root       6032   2713  0 38862  1840   0 16:06 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -F
# j或-j显示BSD格式
$ ps j
  PPID    PID   PGID    SID TTY       TPGID STAT   UID   TIME COMMAND
     1    940    940    940 tty1        940 Ss+      0   0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
  2681   2683   2683   2683 pts/0      2683 Ss+      0   0:00 -bash
  2681   2713   2713   2713 pts/1      6050 Ss       0   0:00 -bash
  2713   6050   6050   2713 pts/1      6050 R+       0   0:00 ps j
$ ps -j
   PID   PGID    SID TTY          TIME CMD
  2713   2713   2713 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
  6056   6056   2713 pts/1    00:00:00 ps
# l或-ly显示BSD长格式
$ ps l
F   UID    PID   PPID PRI  NI    VSZ   RSS WCHAN  STAT TTY        TIME COMMAND
4     0    940      1  20   0 110204   848 n_tty_ Ss+  tty1       0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linu
4     0   2683   2681  20   0 116072  2532 n_tty_ Ss+  pts/0      0:00 -bash
4     0   2713   2681  20   0 116176  2772 do_wai Ss   pts/1      0:00 -bash
0     0   6062   2713  20   0 153324  1500 -      R+   pts/1      0:00 ps l
$ ps -l
F S   UID    PID   PPID  C PRI  NI ADDR SZ WCHAN  TTY          TIME CMD
4 S     0   2713   2681  0  80   0 - 29044 do_wai pts/1    00:00:00 bash
0 R     0   6068   2713  0  80   0 - 38331 -      pts/1    00:00:00 ps
$ ps -ly
S   UID    PID   PPID  C PRI  NI   RSS    SZ WCHAN  TTY          TIME CMD
S     0   2713   2681  0  80   0  2772 29044 do_wai pts/1    00:00:00 bash
R     0   6074   2713  0  80   0  1504 38331 -      pts/1    00:00:00 ps
# -o指定显示格式
$ ps -o user,pid,cmd
USER        PID CMD
root       2713 -bash
root       6410 ps -o user,pid,cmd
$ ps -o user= -o pid= -o cmd= 
root       2713 -bash
root       6416 ps -o user= -o pid= -o cmd=
# u显示CPU和内存信息
$ ps u
USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root        940  0.0  0.0 110204   848 tty1     Ss+  15:03   0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
root       2683  0.0  0.1 116072  2532 pts/0    Ss+  15:04   0:00 -bash
root       2713  0.0  0.1 116176  2772 pts/1    Ss   15:04   0:00 -bash
root       6535  0.0  0.0 155448  1860 pts/1    R+   16:22   0:00 ps u
# v显示内存信息
$ ps v
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME  MAJFL   TRS   DRS   RSS %MEM COMMAND
   940 tty1     Ss+    0:00      1    41 110162  848  0.0 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
  2683 pts/0    Ss+    0:00      1   885 115186 2532  0.1 -bash
  2713 pts/1    Ss     0:00      0   885 115290 2772  0.1 -bash
  6563 pts/1    R+     0:00      0    90 153233 1500  0.0 ps v
# aux显示所有进程信息
$ ps aux |head
USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root          1  0.0  0.1 125392  3848 ?        Ss   15:03   0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
root          2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    15:03   0:00 [kthreadd]
root          4  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   15:03   0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root          5  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    15:03   0:00 [kworker/u256:0]
root          6  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    15:03   0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root          7  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    15:03   0:00 [migration/0]
root          8  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    15:03   0:00 [rcu_bh]
root          9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    15:03   0:00 [rcu_sched]
root         10  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   15:03   0:00 [lru-add-drain]
# e显示环境变量
$ ps e
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
   940 tty1     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux LANG= PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin
  2683 pts/0    Ss+    0:00 -bash USER=root LOGNAME=root HOME=/root PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin
  2713 pts/1    Ss     0:00 -bash USER=root LOGNAME=root HOME=/root PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin
  6746 pts/1    R+     0:00 ps e AUTOJUMP_ERROR_PATH=/root/.local/share/autojump/errors.log MANPATH=/op
# f显示进程层级关系
$ ps f
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
  2713 pts/1    Ss     0:00 -bash
  6778 pts/1    R+     0:00  \_ ps f
  2683 pts/0    Ss+    0:00 -bash
   940 tty1     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
# -h不显示标题
$ ps -h
   940 tty1     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
  2683 pts/0    Ss+    0:00 -bash
  2713 pts/1    Ss     0:00 -bash
  6952 pts/1    R+     0:00 ps -h
# k指定排序列,如下kuser按照user列排序
$ ps auxkuser |head
USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
chrony      663  0.0  0.0 117808  1796 ?        S    15:04   0:00 /usr/sbin/chronyd
dbus        654  0.0  0.1  58216  2472 ?        Ss   15:04   0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --addre
mysql      2646  0.1 12.6 2187256 256752 ?      Sl   15:04   0:09 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir
polkitd     651  0.0  0.5 612232 12120 ?        Ssl  15:04   0:00 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
postfix    1363  0.0  0.2  89848  4076 ?        S    15:04   0:00 pickup -l -t unix -u
postfix    1364  0.0  0.2  89916  4100 ?        S    15:04   0:00 qmgr -l -t unix -u
root          1  0.0  0.1 125392  3848 ?        Ss   15:04   0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-r
root          2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    15:04   0:00 [kthreadd]
root          4  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   15:04   0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
# m或-m显示线程
$ ps m
   PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
   940 tty1     -      0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
     - -        Ss+    0:00 -
  2683 pts/0    -      0:00 -bash
     - -        Ss+    0:00 -
  2713 pts/1    -      0:00 -bash
     - -        Ss     0:00 -
  7170 pts/1    -      0:00 ps m
     - -        R+     0:00 -
$ ps -m
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
  2713 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
     - -        00:00:00 -
  7176 pts/1    00:00:00 ps
     - -        00:00:00 -
# 显示格式说明
$ ps L|head
%cpu         %CPU    
%mem         %MEM    
_left        LLLLLLLL
_left2       L2L2L2L2
_right       RRRRRRRR
_right2      R2R2R2R2
_unlimited   U       
_unlimited2  U2      
alarm        ALARM   
args         COMMAND 
# 按user列排序
$ ps -eo pid,user,args --sort user
   PID USER     COMMAND
   663 chrony   /usr/sbin/chronyd
   654 dbus     /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activat
  2646 mysql    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-d
   651 polkitd  /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
  1364 postfix  qmgr -l -t unix -u
  6907 postfix  pickup -l -t unix -u
     1 root     /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
     2 root     [kthreadd]
     4 root     [kworker/0:0H]
     5 root     [kworker/u256:0]
     6 root     [ksoftirqd/0]