Linux常用命令-nmcli

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命令

nmcli

描述

command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager
NetworkManager的命令行工具

用法

1
nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

选项

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Options:
  -a, --ask                                ask for missing parameters
  -c, --colors auto|yes|no                 是否显示高亮,默认高亮
  -e, --escape yes|no                      escape columns separators in values
  -f, --fields <field,...>|all|common      显示指定列,可选DEVICE,TYPE,STATE等,可忽略大小写
  -g, --get-values <field,...>|all|common  等同于-m tabular -t -f
  -m, --mode tabular|multiline             显示格式,表格或多行显示
  -o, --overview                           显示概览
  -p, --pretty                             优化输出格式
  -s, --show-secrets                       允许显示密码
  -t, --terse                              简洁输出,用冒号:作为分隔符
  -w, --wait <seconds>                     设置超时时间

OBJECT
  g[eneral]       NetworkManager's general status and operations
  n[etworking]    overall networking control
  r[adio]         NetworkManager radio switches
  c[onnection]    NetworkManager's connections
  d[evice]        devices managed by NetworkManager
  a[gent]         NetworkManager secret agent or polkit agent
  m[onitor]       monitor NetworkManager changes

# 子命令格式
nmcli general {status | hostname | permissions | logging} [ARGUMENTS...]
nmcli networking {on | off | connectivity} [ARGUMENTS...]
nmcli radio {all | wifi | wwan} [ARGUMENTS...]
nmcli connection {show | up | down | modify | add | edit | clone | delete | monitor | reload | load | import | export} [ARGUMENTS...]
nmcli device {status | show | set | connect | reapply | modify | disconnect | delete | monitor | wifi | lldp} [ARGUMENTS...]
nmcli agent {secret | polkit | all}

注意

无

示例

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$ nmcli --version
nmcli tool, version 1.18.8-2.el7_9
# 查看帮助示例
$ man nmcli-examples

# -f 显示指定列
$ nmcli -f device,state d
DEVICE   STATE
eth0     connected
docker0  unmanaged
lo       unmanaged
# -g 显示指定列,并简化显示
$ nmcli -g device,state d
eth0:connected
docker0:unmanaged
lo:unmanaged
# -t 简洁显示,冒号分隔
$ nmcli -t d
eth0:ethernet:connected:eth0
docker0:bridge:unmanaged:
lo:loopback:unmanaged:
# -p 优化显示
$ nmcli -p d
=====================
  Status of devices
=====================
DEVICE   TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
---------------------------------------------------------------
eth0     ethernet  connected  eth0
docker0  bridge    unmanaged  --
lo       loopback  unmanaged  --
# -m -t 组合显示
$ nmcli -m mul -t d
DEVICE:eth0
TYPE:ethernet
STATE:connected
CONNECTION:eth0
DEVICE:docker0
TYPE:bridge
STATE:unmanaged
CONNECTION:
DEVICE:lo
TYPE:loopback
STATE:unmanaged
CONNECTION:

# 默认显示的信息
$ nmcli
eth0: connected to eth0
        "Intel 82545EM"
        ethernet (e1000), 00:50:56:3A:5B:E6, hw, mtu 1500
        ip4 default
        inet4 192.168.31.11/24
        route4 192.168.31.0/24
        route4 0.0.0.0/0
        inet6 fe80::6bc0:6af2:4032:645b/64
        route6 fe80::/64
docker0: unmanaged
        "docker0"
        bridge, 02:42:DC:4D:E4:B7, sw, mtu 1500
lo: unmanaged
        "lo"
        loopback (unknown), 00:00:00:00:00:00, sw, mtu 65536
DNS configuration:
        servers: 192.168.31.1 223.5.5.5
        interface: eth0
# 查看设备
$ nmcli dev
DEVICE   TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
eth0     ethernet  connected  eth0
docker0  bridge    unmanaged  --
lo       loopback  unmanaged  --
# 查看连接
$ nmcli con
NAME  UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE
eth0  5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03  ethernet  eth0


# 查看NetworkManager服务是否运行
nmcli -t -f RUNNING general
# 显示NetworkManager的总体状态
nmcli -t -f STATE general
# 关闭wifi
nmcli radio wifi off
# 显示所有连接
nmcli connection show
# 更改eth0网卡的配置文件,手动指定静态IP
nmcli con mod eth0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addr "192.168.11.23/24,172.16.10.5/16"
# 配置eth0网卡增加一个DNS地址,增加使用+,删除使用-
nmcli con modify eth0 +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8
# 删除指定的IP地址
nmcli con modify eth0 -ipv4.addresses "172.16.10.5/16"
# 查看eth0网卡详情
nmcli -p connection show eth0
# 创建eth1网卡配置文件ifcfg-eth1
$ nmcli con add con-name eth1 type ethernet ifname eth1
# 手动添加IP地址
$ nmcli con modify eth1 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses "192.168.11.12/24"
# 启用eth1网卡配置文件,启用up,停用down
$ nmcli con up eth1
# 删除ifcfg-eth1配置文件
$ nmcli con del eth1
# 显示所有设备状态
nmcli device status
# 显示wifi列表
nmcli dev wifi
# 创建一个名称为ap的wifi配置,SSID为ap,密码为12345
nmcli dev wifi con "ap" password 12345 name "ap"
# 使用ap的wifi配置文件连接wifi
nmcli con up id "ap"

# 有时恢复挂起的vmware虚拟机后没有ip,需要重新激活网卡连接,开启NM服务
nmcli dev con eth0
nmcli dev
nmcli n on
nmcli n

# 配置bond,team,bridge前需要先备份原有的网卡配置,避免多个配置文件冲突
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
mv ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth1.bak
mv ifcfg-eth2 ifcfg-eth2.bak

# 配置bond,创建bond0网卡,绑定eth1和eth2到bond0
$ nmcli con add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 mode active-backup ip4 192.168.10.10/24
$ nmcli con add type bond-slave con-name bond0-eth1 ifname eth1 master bond0
$ nmcli con add type bond-slave con-name bond0-eth2 ifname eth2 master bond0
$ nmcli con up bond0
$ nmcli con up bond0-eth1
$ nmcli con up bond0-eth2
# 查看bond0信息
$ cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
# 停止bond0并删除配置文件
$ nmcli con down bond0
$ nmcli con delete bond0 bond0-eth1 bond0-eth2

# 配置team
# config格式：'{"runner": {"name": "METHOD"}}',runner和name是固定不变的，METHOD 可以是 broadcast,roundrobin,activebackup,loadbalance,lacp
$ nmcli con add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 config '{"runner":{"name":"activebackup"}}' ip4 192.168.10.10/24
$ nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-eth1 ifname eth1 master team0
$ nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-eth2 ifname eth2 master team0
$ nmcli con up team0
$ nmcli con up team0-eth1
$ nmcli con up team0-eth2
# 查看team0工作状态
$ teamdctl team0 state
# 停止team0并删除配置文件
$ nmcli con down team0
$ nmcli con delete team0 team0-eth1 team0-eth2

# 配置bridge
$ nmcli con add type bridge con-name bridge0 ifname bridge0 ip4 192.168.10.10/24
$ nmcli con add type bridge-slave con-name bridge0-eth1 ifname eth1 master bridge0
$ nmcli con add type bridge-slave con-name bridge0-eth2 ifname eth2 master bridge0
$ nmcli con modify bridge0 bridge.stp no
$ nmcli con down bridge0
$ nmcli con up bridge0
$ nmcli con up bridge0-eth1
$ nmcli con up bridge0-eth2
# 查看网桥,brctl命令需要安装bridge-utils软件包
$ brctl show
# 删除网桥
$ nmcli con down bridge0
$ nmcli con delete bridge0 bridge0-eth1 bridge0-eth2

# 配置eth1网卡
$ nmcli con add con-name eth1 ifname eth1 type ethernet ip4 192.168.10.10/24 gw4 192.168.10.1
$ nmcli con mod eth1 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4"
$ nmcli con mod eth1 +ipv4.dns 1.2.3.4
$ nmcli con mod eth1 ipv6.dns "2001:4860:4860::8888 2001:4860:4860::8844"
$ nmcli -p con show eth1

# 查看网卡的指定信息,如IP,DNS
$ nmcli -g ipv4.addresses connection show eth1
192.168.10.10/24
$ nmcli -g ipv4.addresses,ipv4.dns connection show eth1
192.168.10.10/24
8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4,1.2.3.4
$ nmcli -g ipv4 connection show eth1
ipv4:manual:8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4,1.2.3.4:: :0:192.168.10.10/24:192.168.10.1::-1:0::no:no::0:yes:::no:yes:-1
# ip4的写法部分接口信息显示为空,推荐使用上面的ipv4
$ nmcli -g ip4 connection show eth1
$ nmcli -g ip4 connection show eth0
IP4:192.168.31.11/24:192.168.31.1:dst = 192.168.31.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100 | dst = 0.0.0.0/0, nh = 192.168.31.1, mt = 100:192.168.31.1 | 223.5.5.5::